Introduction To Punjabi Language
Introduction To Punjabi Language
Punjabi dialect, Punjabi additionally spelled Panjabi, a standout amongst the most broadly spoken Indo-Aryan dialects. The
old British spelling "Punjabi" stays in more typical general utilization than the scholastically exact
"Panjabi." In the mid 21st century there were around 30 million speakers of Punjabi in India. It is
the official dialect of the Indian province of Punjab and is one of the dialects perceived by the
Indian constitution. In Pakistan Punjabi is talked by approximately 70 million speakers, for the most part in Punjab
region, however official status at both the national and the commonplace level is held for Urdu. There
are additionally vital abroad groups of Punjabi speakers, especially in Canada and the United
Kingdom—where in the mid 21st century they individually constituted the third and fourth biggest
etymological gatherings in the national populaces—and additionally in a few sections of the United States.
Contents
In India, Punjabi is composed in the unmistakable Gurmukhi content, which is especially connected with
the Sikhs. That content is an individual from the Indic group of contents, composed from left to right, yet in
its association it contrasts essentially from the Devanagari used to compose Hindi. The Urdu content,
composed from ideal to left, is utilized for composing Punjabi in Pakistan, where it is these days regularly given
the imitative name Shahmukhi. Punjabi is along these lines today one of the not very many dialects on the planet to be
written in two very unique and commonly confused contents.
Institutionalization
Regardless of Punjabi's expansive quantities of speakers and rich conventions of well known verse, the
institutionalization of the dialect was generally restrained by absence of authority acknowledgment and in addition
by the distinctive social inclinations of the three primary nearby religious groups of Muslims, Hindus,
furthermore, Sikhs. Different dialects were developed for most sorts of composing, including Persian under the
Mughal Empire, at that point Urdu amid the British time frame and, in Pakistan, proceeding to the present day. In
most other Indo-Aryan-talking zones of South Asia, the cutting edge time frame saw covering nearby lingos
being gathered into entirely characterized commonplace dialects, however this procedure has taken any longer to
occur in Punjab.
Punjabi In Pakistan
In Pakistan the general upkeep of the verifiable inclination for Urdu has hindered those
who hoped to accomplish an expanded status for Punjabi, yet in a shape all the more clearly affected in
its content and vocabulary by Urdu thus itself to some degree not quite the same as standard Indian Punjabi. Since
Pakistan's Punjab is substantially bigger and less homogeneous than its Indian partner, its inward
phonetic assortment has likewise urged resistance to the Punjabi activists situated in the common
capital of Lahore by equal gatherings situated in the less prosperous peripheral ranges of the territory, eminently
by the advocates of Siraiki in the southwestern locale, whose cases to isolate phonetic status
are vivaciously questioned by disciples to the Punjabi cause. There are the typical clashing cases to
the colossal scholars of the past, however all lovers of the Punjabi artistic custom, in the two India and
Pakistan, locate the incomparable articulation of their mutual social character in the rich articulation of the
Muslim writer Waris (or Varis) Shah's awesome sentiment.
Punjabi In India
The segment of the subcontinent in 1947 along religious lines was set apart by specific viciousness in
Punjab, where ethnic purging and trade of populaces brought about the removal of generally Punjabi-
speaking Muslims from India and of Sikhs and Hindus from Pakistan. Though the Muslims had emphatically
related to Urdu and the Hindus with Hindi, it was the Sikhs who had especially related to
the Punjabi cause. The Gurmukhi content was first used to record the Sikh sacred writings, the Adi Granth, in
1604. Besides, Sikh essayists were for the most part in charge of creating Punjabi as a present day standard
dialect, and the Sikh political administration in 1966 at long last accomplished the objective of a yet truncated
state with Punjabi as its official dialect.
This formally perceived Indian Punjabi is by and large taken as standard in depictions of the
dialect. There is a noteworthy level of common coherence with Hindi and Urdu, despite the fact that the
three dialects are pointedly separated by their contents, and Punjabi is truly recognized
by its maintenance of Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) multiplied consonants following a short vowel, so that
Sanskrit akshi 'eye' moves toward becoming MIA akkhi and Punjabi akkh, versus Hindi-Urdu aankh. Phonetically, the
most conspicuous particular component of standard Punjabi is the acknowledgment of recorded voiced
yearning as tones, so that, for instance, Hindi-Urdu ghora 'horse' shows up in Punjabi as k'òra (with
glottal choking and low-rising tone) and Hindi-Urdu rah 'route' as Punjabi rá (with high-falling
tone).
Punjabi dialect, Punjabi additionally spelled Panjabi, a standout amongst the most broadly spoken Indo-Aryan dialects. The
old British spelling "Punjabi" stays in more typical general utilization than the scholastically exact
"Panjabi." In the mid 21st century there were around 30 million speakers of Punjabi in India. It is
the official dialect of the Indian province of Punjab and is one of the dialects perceived by the
Indian constitution. In Pakistan Punjabi is talked by approximately 70 million speakers, for the most part in Punjab
region, however official status at both the national and the commonplace level is held for Urdu. There
are additionally vital abroad groups of Punjabi speakers, especially in Canada and the United
Kingdom—where in the mid 21st century they individually constituted the third and fourth biggest
etymological gatherings in the national populaces—and additionally in a few sections of the United States.
Contents
In India, Punjabi is composed in the unmistakable Gurmukhi content, which is especially connected with
the Sikhs. That content is an individual from the Indic group of contents, composed from left to right, yet in
its association it contrasts essentially from the Devanagari used to compose Hindi. The Urdu content,
composed from ideal to left, is utilized for composing Punjabi in Pakistan, where it is these days regularly given
the imitative name Shahmukhi. Punjabi is along these lines today one of the not very many dialects on the planet to be
written in two very unique and commonly confused contents.
Institutionalization
Regardless of Punjabi's expansive quantities of speakers and rich conventions of well known verse, the
institutionalization of the dialect was generally restrained by absence of authority acknowledgment and in addition
by the distinctive social inclinations of the three primary nearby religious groups of Muslims, Hindus,
furthermore, Sikhs. Different dialects were developed for most sorts of composing, including Persian under the
Mughal Empire, at that point Urdu amid the British time frame and, in Pakistan, proceeding to the present day. In
most other Indo-Aryan-talking zones of South Asia, the cutting edge time frame saw covering nearby lingos
being gathered into entirely characterized commonplace dialects, however this procedure has taken any longer to
occur in Punjab.
Punjabi In Pakistan
In Pakistan the general upkeep of the verifiable inclination for Urdu has hindered those
who hoped to accomplish an expanded status for Punjabi, yet in a shape all the more clearly affected in
its content and vocabulary by Urdu thus itself to some degree not quite the same as standard Indian Punjabi. Since
Pakistan's Punjab is substantially bigger and less homogeneous than its Indian partner, its inward
phonetic assortment has likewise urged resistance to the Punjabi activists situated in the common
capital of Lahore by equal gatherings situated in the less prosperous peripheral ranges of the territory, eminently
by the advocates of Siraiki in the southwestern locale, whose cases to isolate phonetic status
are vivaciously questioned by disciples to the Punjabi cause. There are the typical clashing cases to
the colossal scholars of the past, however all lovers of the Punjabi artistic custom, in the two India and
Pakistan, locate the incomparable articulation of their mutual social character in the rich articulation of the
Muslim writer Waris (or Varis) Shah's awesome sentiment.
Punjabi In India
The segment of the subcontinent in 1947 along religious lines was set apart by specific viciousness in
Punjab, where ethnic purging and trade of populaces brought about the removal of generally Punjabi-
speaking Muslims from India and of Sikhs and Hindus from Pakistan. Though the Muslims had emphatically
related to Urdu and the Hindus with Hindi, it was the Sikhs who had especially related to
the Punjabi cause. The Gurmukhi content was first used to record the Sikh sacred writings, the Adi Granth, in
1604. Besides, Sikh essayists were for the most part in charge of creating Punjabi as a present day standard
dialect, and the Sikh political administration in 1966 at long last accomplished the objective of a yet truncated
state with Punjabi as its official dialect.
This formally perceived Indian Punjabi is by and large taken as standard in depictions of the
dialect. There is a noteworthy level of common coherence with Hindi and Urdu, despite the fact that the
three dialects are pointedly separated by their contents, and Punjabi is truly recognized
by its maintenance of Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) multiplied consonants following a short vowel, so that
Sanskrit akshi 'eye' moves toward becoming MIA akkhi and Punjabi akkh, versus Hindi-Urdu aankh. Phonetically, the
most conspicuous particular component of standard Punjabi is the acknowledgment of recorded voiced
yearning as tones, so that, for instance, Hindi-Urdu ghora 'horse' shows up in Punjabi as k'òra (with
glottal choking and low-rising tone) and Hindi-Urdu rah 'route' as Punjabi rá (with high-falling
tone).
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